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common redstart
The common redstart (''Phoenicurus phoenicurus''), or often simply redstart, is a small passerine bird in the redstart genus ''Phoenicurus''. Like its relatives, it was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family, (Turdidae), but is now known to be an Old World flycatcher (family Muscicapidae).
==Taxonomy and systematics==
Two subspecies are accepted. The nominate ''P. p. phoenicurus'' is found all over Europe and reaches into Siberia. To the southeast, subspecies ''P. p. samamisicus'' is found from the Crimean Peninsula through Turkey, the Middle East, and into Central Asia. It is slightly smaller than ''P. p. phoenicurus'' and in adult males has white outer webs in the remiges to some extent, forming a pale to whitish wing-patch similar to the one seen in black redstart and Daurian redstart. This patch is also present but less conspicuous in immature males, and sometimes in adult females. The subspecies intergrade widely in Turkey and the southern Balkans.〔〔
The closest genetic relative of the common redstart may be the Moussier's redstart, though incomplete sampling of the genus gives some uncertainty to this. Its ancestors were apparently the first redstarts to spread to Europe; they seem to have diverged from the black redstart group about 3 mya, during the Piacenzian.〔Ertan, K. T. (2006). The Evolutionary History of Eurasian Redstarts "Phoenicurus". ''Acta Zoologica Sinica'' 52 (Supplement): 310–313. (PDF fulltext )〕 Genetically, common and black redstarts are still fairly compatible and can produce hybrids that appear to be healthy and fertile, but they are separated by different behaviour and ecological requirements so hybrids are very rare in nature.〔Grosch, Kai (2004). Hybridization Between the Redstart ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'' and Black Redstart ''P. ochruros'', and the Effect on Habitat Exploitation. ''J. Avian Biol.'' 35 (3): 217-223. (HTML abstract)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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